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package File::Temp; # git description: v0.2308-7-g3bb4d88
# ABSTRACT: return name and handle of a temporary file safely
our $VERSION = '0.2309';
#pod =begin :__INTERNALS
#pod
#pod =head1 PORTABILITY
#pod
#pod This section is at the top in order to provide easier access to
#pod porters. It is not expected to be rendered by a standard pod
#pod formatting tool. Please skip straight to the SYNOPSIS section if you
#pod are not trying to port this module to a new platform.
#pod
#pod This module is designed to be portable across operating systems and it
#pod currently supports Unix, VMS, DOS, OS/2, Windows and Mac OS
#pod (Classic). When porting to a new OS there are generally three main
#pod issues that have to be solved:
#pod
#pod =over 4
#pod
#pod =item *
#pod
#pod Can the OS unlink an open file? If it can not then the
#pod C<_can_unlink_opened_file> method should be modified.
#pod
#pod =item *
#pod
#pod Are the return values from C<stat> reliable? By default all the
#pod return values from C<stat> are compared when unlinking a temporary
#pod file using the filename and the handle. Operating systems other than
#pod unix do not always have valid entries in all fields. If utility function
#pod C<File::Temp::unlink0> fails then the C<stat> comparison should be
#pod modified accordingly.
#pod
#pod =item *
#pod
#pod Security. Systems that can not support a test for the sticky bit
#pod on a directory can not use the MEDIUM and HIGH security tests.
#pod The C<_can_do_level> method should be modified accordingly.
#pod
#pod =back
#pod
#pod =end :__INTERNALS
#pod
#pod =head1 SYNOPSIS
#pod
#pod use File::Temp qw/ tempfile tempdir /;
#pod
#pod $fh = tempfile();
#pod ($fh, $filename) = tempfile();
#pod
#pod ($fh, $filename) = tempfile( $template, DIR => $dir);
#pod ($fh, $filename) = tempfile( $template, SUFFIX => '.dat');
#pod ($fh, $filename) = tempfile( $template, TMPDIR => 1 );
#pod
#pod binmode( $fh, ":utf8" );
#pod
#pod $dir = tempdir( CLEANUP => 1 );
#pod ($fh, $filename) = tempfile( DIR => $dir );
#pod
#pod Object interface:
#pod
#pod require File::Temp;
#pod use File::Temp ();
#pod use File::Temp qw/ :seekable /;
#pod
#pod $fh = File::Temp->new();
#pod $fname = $fh->filename;
#pod
#pod $fh = File::Temp->new(TEMPLATE => $template);
#pod $fname = $fh->filename;
#pod
#pod $tmp = File::Temp->new( UNLINK => 0, SUFFIX => '.dat' );
#pod print $tmp "Some data\n";
#pod print "Filename is $tmp\n";
#pod $tmp->seek( 0, SEEK_END );
#pod
#pod $dir = File::Temp->newdir(); # CLEANUP => 1 by default
#pod
#pod The following interfaces are provided for compatibility with
#pod existing APIs. They should not be used in new code.
#pod
#pod MkTemp family:
#pod
#pod use File::Temp qw/ :mktemp /;
#pod
#pod ($fh, $file) = mkstemp( "tmpfileXXXXX" );
#pod ($fh, $file) = mkstemps( "tmpfileXXXXXX", $suffix);
#pod
#pod $tmpdir = mkdtemp( $template );
#pod
#pod $unopened_file = mktemp( $template );
#pod
#pod POSIX functions:
#pod
#pod use File::Temp qw/ :POSIX /;
#pod
#pod $file = tmpnam();
#pod $fh = tmpfile();
#pod
#pod ($fh, $file) = tmpnam();
#pod
#pod Compatibility functions:
#pod
#pod $unopened_file = File::Temp::tempnam( $dir, $pfx );
#pod
#pod =head1 DESCRIPTION
#pod
#pod C<File::Temp> can be used to create and open temporary files in a safe
#pod way. There is both a function interface and an object-oriented
#pod interface. The File::Temp constructor or the tempfile() function can
#pod be used to return the name and the open filehandle of a temporary
#pod file. The tempdir() function can be used to create a temporary
#pod directory.
#pod
#pod The security aspect of temporary file creation is emphasized such that
#pod a filehandle and filename are returned together. This helps guarantee
#pod that a race condition can not occur where the temporary file is
#pod created by another process between checking for the existence of the
#pod file and its opening. Additional security levels are provided to
#pod check, for example, that the sticky bit is set on world writable
#pod directories. See L<"safe_level"> for more information.
#pod
#pod For compatibility with popular C library functions, Perl implementations of
#pod the mkstemp() family of functions are provided. These are, mkstemp(),
#pod mkstemps(), mkdtemp() and mktemp().
#pod
#pod Additionally, implementations of the standard L<POSIX|POSIX>
#pod tmpnam() and tmpfile() functions are provided if required.
#pod
#pod Implementations of mktemp(), tmpnam(), and tempnam() are provided,
#pod but should be used with caution since they return only a filename
#pod that was valid when function was called, so cannot guarantee
#pod that the file will not exist by the time the caller opens the filename.
#pod
#pod Filehandles returned by these functions support the seekable methods.
#pod
#pod =cut
# Toolchain targets v5.8.1, but we'll try to support back to v5.6 anyway.
# It might be possible to make this v5.5, but many v5.6isms are creeping
# into the code and tests.
use 5.006;
use strict;
use Carp;
use File::Spec 0.8;
use Cwd ();
use File::Path 2.06 qw/ rmtree /;
use Fcntl 1.03;
use IO::Seekable; # For SEEK_*
use Errno;
use Scalar::Util 'refaddr';
require VMS::Stdio if $^O eq 'VMS';
# pre-emptively load Carp::Heavy. If we don't when we run out of file
# handles and attempt to call croak() we get an error message telling
# us that Carp::Heavy won't load rather than an error telling us we
# have run out of file handles. We either preload croak() or we
# switch the calls to croak from _gettemp() to use die.
eval { require Carp::Heavy; };
# Need the Symbol package if we are running older perl
require Symbol if $] < 5.006;
### For the OO interface
use parent 0.221 qw/ IO::Handle IO::Seekable /;
use overload '""' => "STRINGIFY", '0+' => "NUMIFY",
fallback => 1;
our $DEBUG = 0;
our $KEEP_ALL = 0;
# We are exporting functions
use Exporter 5.57 'import'; # 5.57 lets us import 'import'
# Export list - to allow fine tuning of export table
our @EXPORT_OK = qw{
tempfile
tempdir
tmpnam
tmpfile
mktemp
mkstemp
mkstemps
mkdtemp
unlink0
cleanup
SEEK_SET
SEEK_CUR
SEEK_END
};
# Groups of functions for export
our %EXPORT_TAGS = (
'POSIX' => [qw/ tmpnam tmpfile /],
'mktemp' => [qw/ mktemp mkstemp mkstemps mkdtemp/],
'seekable' => [qw/ SEEK_SET SEEK_CUR SEEK_END /],
);
# add contents of these tags to @EXPORT
Exporter::export_tags('POSIX','mktemp','seekable');
# This is a list of characters that can be used in random filenames
my @CHARS = (qw/ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 _
/);
# Maximum number of tries to make a temp file before failing
use constant MAX_TRIES => 1000;
# Minimum number of X characters that should be in a template
use constant MINX => 4;
# Default template when no template supplied
use constant TEMPXXX => 'X' x 10;
# Constants for the security level
use constant STANDARD => 0;
use constant MEDIUM => 1;
use constant HIGH => 2;
# OPENFLAGS. If we defined the flag to use with Sysopen here this gives
# us an optimisation when many temporary files are requested
my $OPENFLAGS = O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_RDWR;
my $LOCKFLAG;
unless ($^O eq 'MacOS') {
for my $oflag (qw/ NOFOLLOW BINARY LARGEFILE NOINHERIT /) {
my ($bit, $func) = (0, "Fcntl::O_" . $oflag);
no strict 'refs';
$OPENFLAGS |= $bit if eval {
# Make sure that redefined die handlers do not cause problems
# e.g. CGI::Carp
local $SIG{__DIE__} = sub {};
local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {};
$bit = &$func();
1;
};
}
# Special case O_EXLOCK
$LOCKFLAG = eval {
local $SIG{__DIE__} = sub {};
local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {};
&Fcntl::O_EXLOCK();
};
}
# On some systems the O_TEMPORARY flag can be used to tell the OS
# to automatically remove the file when it is closed. This is fine
# in most cases but not if tempfile is called with UNLINK=>0 and
# the filename is requested -- in the case where the filename is to
# be passed to another routine. This happens on windows. We overcome
# this by using a second open flags variable
my $OPENTEMPFLAGS = $OPENFLAGS;
unless ($^O eq 'MacOS') {
for my $oflag (qw/ TEMPORARY /) {
my ($bit, $func) = (0, "Fcntl::O_" . $oflag);
local($@);
no strict 'refs';
$OPENTEMPFLAGS |= $bit if eval {
# Make sure that redefined die handlers do not cause problems
# e.g. CGI::Carp
local $SIG{__DIE__} = sub {};
local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {};
$bit = &$func();
1;
};
}
}
# Private hash tracking which files have been created by each process id via the OO interface
my %FILES_CREATED_BY_OBJECT;
# INTERNAL ROUTINES - not to be used outside of package
# Generic routine for getting a temporary filename
# modelled on OpenBSD _gettemp() in mktemp.c
# The template must contain X's that are to be replaced
# with the random values
# Arguments:
# TEMPLATE - string containing the XXXXX's that is converted
# to a random filename and opened if required
# Optionally, a hash can also be supplied containing specific options
# "open" => if true open the temp file, else just return the name
# default is 0
# "mkdir"=> if true, we are creating a temp directory rather than tempfile
# default is 0
# "suffixlen" => number of characters at end of PATH to be ignored.
# default is 0.
# "unlink_on_close" => indicates that, if possible, the OS should remove
# the file as soon as it is closed. Usually indicates
# use of the O_TEMPORARY flag to sysopen.
# Usually irrelevant on unix
# "use_exlock" => Indicates that O_EXLOCK should be used. Default is false.
# Optionally a reference to a scalar can be passed into the function
# On error this will be used to store the reason for the error
# "ErrStr" => \$errstr
# "open" and "mkdir" can not both be true
# "unlink_on_close" is not used when "mkdir" is true.
# The default options are equivalent to mktemp().
# Returns:
# filehandle - open file handle (if called with doopen=1, else undef)
# temp name - name of the temp file or directory
# For example:
# ($fh, $name) = _gettemp($template, "open" => 1);
# for the current version, failures are associated with
# stored in an error string and returned to give the reason whilst debugging
# This routine is not called by any external function
sub _gettemp {
croak 'Usage: ($fh, $name) = _gettemp($template, OPTIONS);'
unless scalar(@_) >= 1;
# the internal error string - expect it to be overridden
# Need this in case the caller decides not to supply us a value
# need an anonymous scalar
my $tempErrStr;
# Default options
my %options = (
"open" => 0,
"mkdir" => 0,
"suffixlen" => 0,
"unlink_on_close" => 0,
"use_exlock" => 0,
"ErrStr" => \$tempErrStr,
);
# Read the template
my $template = shift;
if (ref($template)) {
# Use a warning here since we have not yet merged ErrStr
carp "File::Temp::_gettemp: template must not be a reference";
return ();
}
# Check that the number of entries on stack are even
if (scalar(@_) % 2 != 0) {
# Use a warning here since we have not yet merged ErrStr
carp "File::Temp::_gettemp: Must have even number of options";
return ();
}
# Read the options and merge with defaults
%options = (%options, @_) if @_;
# Make sure the error string is set to undef
${$options{ErrStr}} = undef;
# Can not open the file and make a directory in a single call
if ($options{"open"} && $options{"mkdir"}) {
${$options{ErrStr}} = "doopen and domkdir can not both be true\n";
return ();
}
# Find the start of the end of the Xs (position of last X)
# Substr starts from 0
my $start = length($template) - 1 - $options{"suffixlen"};
# Check that we have at least MINX x X (e.g. 'XXXX") at the end of the string
# (taking suffixlen into account). Any fewer is insecure.
# Do it using substr - no reason to use a pattern match since
# we know where we are looking and what we are looking for
if (substr($template, $start - MINX + 1, MINX) ne 'X' x MINX) {
${$options{ErrStr}} = "The template must end with at least ".
MINX . " 'X' characters\n";
return ();
}
# Replace all the X at the end of the substring with a
# random character or just all the XX at the end of a full string.
# Do it as an if, since the suffix adjusts which section to replace
# and suffixlen=0 returns nothing if used in the substr directly
# and generate a full path from the template
my $path = _replace_XX($template, $options{"suffixlen"});
# Split the path into constituent parts - eventually we need to check
# whether the directory exists
# We need to know whether we are making a temp directory
# or a tempfile
my ($volume, $directories, $file);
my $parent; # parent directory
if ($options{"mkdir"}) {
# There is no filename at the end
($volume, $directories, $file) = File::Spec->splitpath( $path, 1);
# The parent is then $directories without the last directory
# Split the directory and put it back together again
my @dirs = File::Spec->splitdir($directories);
# If @dirs only has one entry (i.e. the directory template) that means
# we are in the current directory
if ($#dirs == 0) {
$parent = File::Spec->curdir;
} else {
if ($^O eq 'VMS') { # need volume to avoid relative dir spec
$parent = File::Spec->catdir($volume, @dirs[0..$#dirs-1]);
$parent = 'sys$disk:[]' if $parent eq '';
} else {
# Put it back together without the last one
$parent = File::Spec->catdir(@dirs[0..$#dirs-1]);
# ...and attach the volume (no filename)
$parent = File::Spec->catpath($volume, $parent, '');
}
}
} else {
# Get rid of the last filename (use File::Basename for this?)
($volume, $directories, $file) = File::Spec->splitpath( $path );
# Join up without the file part
$parent = File::Spec->catpath($volume,$directories,'');
# If $parent is empty replace with curdir
$parent = File::Spec->curdir
unless $directories ne '';
}
# Check that the parent directories exist
# Do this even for the case where we are simply returning a name
# not a file -- no point returning a name that includes a directory
# that does not exist or is not writable
unless (-e $parent) {
${$options{ErrStr}} = "Parent directory ($parent) does not exist";
return ();
}
unless (-d $parent) {
${$options{ErrStr}} = "Parent directory ($parent) is not a directory";
return ();
}
# Check the stickiness of the directory and chown giveaway if required
# If the directory is world writable the sticky bit
# must be set
if (File::Temp->safe_level == MEDIUM) {
my $safeerr;
unless (_is_safe($parent,\$safeerr)) {
${$options{ErrStr}} = "Parent directory ($parent) is not safe ($safeerr)";
return ();
}
} elsif (File::Temp->safe_level == HIGH) {
my $safeerr;
unless (_is_verysafe($parent, \$safeerr)) {
${$options{ErrStr}} = "Parent directory ($parent) is not safe ($safeerr)";
return ();
}
}
# Now try MAX_TRIES time to open the file
for (my $i = 0; $i < MAX_TRIES; $i++) {
# Try to open the file if requested
if ($options{"open"}) {
my $fh;
# If we are running before perl5.6.0 we can not auto-vivify
if ($] < 5.006) {
$fh = &Symbol::gensym;
}
# Try to make sure this will be marked close-on-exec
# XXX: Win32 doesn't respect this, nor the proper fcntl,
# but may have O_NOINHERIT. This may or may not be in Fcntl.
local $^F = 2;
# Attempt to open the file
my $open_success = undef;
if ( $^O eq 'VMS' and $options{"unlink_on_close"} && !$KEEP_ALL) {
# make it auto delete on close by setting FAB$V_DLT bit
$fh = VMS::Stdio::vmssysopen($path, $OPENFLAGS, 0600, 'fop=dlt');
$open_success = $fh;
} else {
my $flags = ( ($options{"unlink_on_close"} && !$KEEP_ALL) ?
$OPENTEMPFLAGS :
$OPENFLAGS );
$flags |= $LOCKFLAG if (defined $LOCKFLAG && $options{use_exlock});
$open_success = sysopen($fh, $path, $flags, 0600);
}
if ( $open_success ) {
# in case of odd umask force rw
chmod(0600, $path);
# Opened successfully - return file handle and name
return ($fh, $path);
} else {
# Error opening file - abort with error
# if the reason was anything but EEXIST
unless ($!{EEXIST}) {
${$options{ErrStr}} = "Could not create temp file $path: $!";
return ();
}
# Loop round for another try
}
} elsif ($options{"mkdir"}) {
# Open the temp directory
if (mkdir( $path, 0700)) {
# in case of odd umask
chmod(0700, $path);
return undef, $path;
} else {
# Abort with error if the reason for failure was anything
# except EEXIST
unless ($!{EEXIST}) {
${$options{ErrStr}} = "Could not create directory $path: $!";
return ();
}
# Loop round for another try
}
} else {
# Return true if the file can not be found
# Directory has been checked previously
return (undef, $path) unless -e $path;
# Try again until MAX_TRIES
}
# Did not successfully open the tempfile/dir
# so try again with a different set of random letters
# No point in trying to increment unless we have only
# 1 X say and the randomness could come up with the same
# file MAX_TRIES in a row.
# Store current attempt - in principle this implies that the
# 3rd time around the open attempt that the first temp file
# name could be generated again. Probably should store each
# attempt and make sure that none are repeated
my $original = $path;
my $counter = 0; # Stop infinite loop
my $MAX_GUESS = 50;
do {
# Generate new name from original template
$path = _replace_XX($template, $options{"suffixlen"});
$counter++;
} until ($path ne $original || $counter > $MAX_GUESS);
# Check for out of control looping
if ($counter > $MAX_GUESS) {
${$options{ErrStr}} = "Tried to get a new temp name different to the previous value $MAX_GUESS times.\nSomething wrong with template?? ($template)";
return ();
}
}
# If we get here, we have run out of tries
${ $options{ErrStr} } = "Have exceeded the maximum number of attempts ("
. MAX_TRIES . ") to open temp file/dir";
return ();
}
# Internal routine to replace the XXXX... with random characters
# This has to be done by _gettemp() every time it fails to
# open a temp file/dir
# Arguments: $template (the template with XXX),
# $ignore (number of characters at end to ignore)
# Returns: modified template
sub _replace_XX {
croak 'Usage: _replace_XX($template, $ignore)'
unless scalar(@_) == 2;
my ($path, $ignore) = @_;
# Do it as an if, since the suffix adjusts which section to replace
# and suffixlen=0 returns nothing if used in the substr directly
# Alternatively, could simply set $ignore to length($path)-1
# Don't want to always use substr when not required though.
my $end = ( $] >= 5.006 ? "\\z" : "\\Z" );
if ($ignore) {
substr($path, 0, - $ignore) =~ s/X(?=X*$end)/$CHARS[ int( rand( @CHARS ) ) ]/ge;
} else {
$path =~ s/X(?=X*$end)/$CHARS[ int( rand( @CHARS ) ) ]/ge;
}
return $path;
}
# Internal routine to force a temp file to be writable after
# it is created so that we can unlink it. Windows seems to occasionally
# force a file to be readonly when written to certain temp locations
sub _force_writable {
my $file = shift;
chmod 0600, $file;
}
# internal routine to check to see if the directory is safe
# First checks to see if the directory is not owned by the
# current user or root. Then checks to see if anyone else
# can write to the directory and if so, checks to see if
# it has the sticky bit set
# Will not work on systems that do not support sticky bit
#Args: directory path to check
# Optionally: reference to scalar to contain error message
# Returns true if the path is safe and false otherwise.
# Returns undef if can not even run stat() on the path
# This routine based on version written by Tom Christiansen
# Presumably, by the time we actually attempt to create the
# file or directory in this directory, it may not be safe
# anymore... Have to run _is_safe directly after the open.
sub _is_safe {
my $path = shift;
my $err_ref = shift;
# Stat path
my @info = stat($path);
unless (scalar(@info)) {
$$err_ref = "stat(path) returned no values";
return 0;
}
;
return 1 if $^O eq 'VMS'; # owner delete control at file level
# Check to see whether owner is neither superuser (or a system uid) nor me
# Use the effective uid from the $> variable
# UID is in [4]
if ($info[4] > File::Temp->top_system_uid() && $info[4] != $>) {
Carp::cluck(sprintf "uid=$info[4] topuid=%s euid=$> path='$path'",
File::Temp->top_system_uid());
$$err_ref = "Directory owned neither by root nor the current user"
if ref($err_ref);
return 0;
}
# check whether group or other can write file
# use 066 to detect either reading or writing
# use 022 to check writability
# Do it with S_IWOTH and S_IWGRP for portability (maybe)
# mode is in info[2]
if (($info[2] & &Fcntl::S_IWGRP) || # Is group writable?
($info[2] & &Fcntl::S_IWOTH) ) { # Is world writable?
# Must be a directory
unless (-d $path) {
$$err_ref = "Path ($path) is not a directory"
if ref($err_ref);
return 0;
}
# Must have sticky bit set
unless (-k $path) {
$$err_ref = "Sticky bit not set on $path when dir is group|world writable"
if ref($err_ref);
return 0;
}
}
return 1;
}
# Internal routine to check whether a directory is safe
# for temp files. Safer than _is_safe since it checks for
# the possibility of chown giveaway and if that is a possibility
# checks each directory in the path to see if it is safe (with _is_safe)
# If _PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED is not set, does the full test of each
# directory anyway.
# Takes optional second arg as scalar ref to error reason
sub _is_verysafe {
# Need POSIX - but only want to bother if really necessary due to overhead
require POSIX;
my $path = shift;
print "_is_verysafe testing $path\n" if $DEBUG;
return 1 if $^O eq 'VMS'; # owner delete control at file level
my $err_ref = shift;
# Should Get the value of _PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED if it is defined
# and If it is not there do the extensive test
local($@);
my $chown_restricted;
$chown_restricted = &POSIX::_PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED()
if eval { &POSIX::_PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED(); 1};
# If chown_resticted is set to some value we should test it
if (defined $chown_restricted) {
# Return if the current directory is safe
return _is_safe($path,$err_ref) if POSIX::sysconf( $chown_restricted );
}
# To reach this point either, the _PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED symbol
# was not available or the symbol was there but chown giveaway
# is allowed. Either way, we now have to test the entire tree for
# safety.
# Convert path to an absolute directory if required
unless (File::Spec->file_name_is_absolute($path)) {
$path = File::Spec->rel2abs($path);
}
# Split directory into components - assume no file
my ($volume, $directories, undef) = File::Spec->splitpath( $path, 1);
# Slightly less efficient than having a function in File::Spec
# to chop off the end of a directory or even a function that
# can handle ../ in a directory tree
# Sometimes splitdir() returns a blank at the end
# so we will probably check the bottom directory twice in some cases
my @dirs = File::Spec->splitdir($directories);
# Concatenate one less directory each time around
foreach my $pos (0.. $#dirs) {
# Get a directory name
my $dir = File::Spec->catpath($volume,
File::Spec->catdir(@dirs[0.. $#dirs - $pos]),
''
);
print "TESTING DIR $dir\n" if $DEBUG;
# Check the directory
return 0 unless _is_safe($dir,$err_ref);
}
return 1;
}
# internal routine to determine whether unlink works on this
# platform for files that are currently open.
# Returns true if we can, false otherwise.
# Currently WinNT, OS/2 and VMS can not unlink an opened file
# On VMS this is because the O_EXCL flag is used to open the
# temporary file. Currently I do not know enough about the issues
# on VMS to decide whether O_EXCL is a requirement.
sub _can_unlink_opened_file {
if (grep { $^O eq $_ } qw/MSWin32 os2 VMS dos MacOS haiku/) {
return 0;
} else {
return 1;
}
}
# internal routine to decide which security levels are allowed
# see safe_level() for more information on this
# Controls whether the supplied security level is allowed
# $cando = _can_do_level( $level )
sub _can_do_level {
# Get security level
my $level = shift;
# Always have to be able to do STANDARD
return 1 if $level == STANDARD;
# Currently, the systems that can do HIGH or MEDIUM are identical
if ( $^O eq 'MSWin32' || $^O eq 'os2' || $^O eq 'cygwin' || $^O eq 'dos' || $^O eq 'MacOS' || $^O eq 'mpeix') {
return 0;
} else {
return 1;
}
}
# This routine sets up a deferred unlinking of a specified
# filename and filehandle. It is used in the following cases:
# - Called by unlink0 if an opened file can not be unlinked
# - Called by tempfile() if files are to be removed on shutdown
# - Called by tempdir() if directories are to be removed on shutdown
# Arguments:
# _deferred_unlink( $fh, $fname, $isdir );
#
# - filehandle (so that it can be explicitly closed if open
# - filename (the thing we want to remove)
# - isdir (flag to indicate that we are being given a directory)
# [and hence no filehandle]
# Status is not referred to since all the magic is done with an END block
{
# Will set up two lexical variables to contain all the files to be
# removed. One array for files, another for directories They will
# only exist in this block.
# This means we only have to set up a single END block to remove
# all files.
# in order to prevent child processes inadvertently deleting the parent
# temp files we use a hash to store the temp files and directories
# created by a particular process id.
# %files_to_unlink contains values that are references to an array of
# array references containing the filehandle and filename associated with
# the temp file.
my (%files_to_unlink, %dirs_to_unlink);
# Set up an end block to use these arrays
END {
local($., $@, $!, $^E, $?);
cleanup(at_exit => 1);
}
# Cleanup function. Always triggered on END (with at_exit => 1) but
# can be invoked manually.
sub cleanup {
my %h = @_;
my $at_exit = delete $h{at_exit};
$at_exit = 0 if not defined $at_exit;
{ my @k = sort keys %h; die "unrecognized parameters: @k" if @k }
if (!$KEEP_ALL) {
# Files
my @files = (exists $files_to_unlink{$$} ?
@{ $files_to_unlink{$$} } : () );
foreach my $file (@files) {
# close the filehandle without checking its state
# in order to make real sure that this is closed
# if its already closed then I don't care about the answer
# probably a better way to do this
close($file->[0]); # file handle is [0]
if (-f $file->[1]) { # file name is [1]
_force_writable( $file->[1] ); # for windows
unlink $file->[1] or warn "Error removing ".$file->[1];
}
}
# Dirs
my @dirs = (exists $dirs_to_unlink{$$} ?
@{ $dirs_to_unlink{$$} } : () );
my ($cwd, $cwd_to_remove);
foreach my $dir (@dirs) {
if (-d $dir) {
# Some versions of rmtree will abort if you attempt to remove
# the directory you are sitting in. For automatic cleanup
# at program exit, we avoid this by chdir()ing out of the way
# first. If not at program exit, it's best not to mess with the
# current directory, so just let it fail with a warning.
if ($at_exit) {
$cwd = Cwd::abs_path(File::Spec->curdir) if not defined $cwd;
my $abs = Cwd::abs_path($dir);
if ($abs eq $cwd) {
$cwd_to_remove = $dir;
next;
}
}
eval { rmtree($dir, $DEBUG, 0); };
warn $@ if ($@ && $^W);
}
}
if (defined $cwd_to_remove) {
# We do need to clean up the current directory, and everything
# else is done, so get out of there and remove it.
chdir $cwd_to_remove or die "cannot chdir to $cwd_to_remove: $!";
my $updir = File::Spec->updir;
chdir $updir or die "cannot chdir to $updir: $!";
eval { rmtree($cwd_to_remove, $DEBUG, 0); };
warn $@ if ($@ && $^W);
}
# clear the arrays
@{ $files_to_unlink{$$} } = ()
if exists $files_to_unlink{$$};
@{ $dirs_to_unlink{$$} } = ()
if exists $dirs_to_unlink{$$};
}
}
# This is the sub called to register a file for deferred unlinking
# This could simply store the input parameters and defer everything
# until the END block. For now we do a bit of checking at this
# point in order to make sure that (1) we have a file/dir to delete
# and (2) we have been called with the correct arguments.
sub _deferred_unlink {
croak 'Usage: _deferred_unlink($fh, $fname, $isdir)'
unless scalar(@_) == 3;
my ($fh, $fname, $isdir) = @_;
warn "Setting up deferred removal of $fname\n"
if $DEBUG;
# make sure we save the absolute path for later cleanup
# OK to untaint because we only ever use this internally
# as a file path, never interpolating into the shell
$fname = Cwd::abs_path($fname);
($fname) = $fname =~ /^(.*)$/;
# If we have a directory, check that it is a directory
if ($isdir) {
if (-d $fname) {
# Directory exists so store it
# first on VMS turn []foo into [.foo] for rmtree
$fname = VMS::Filespec::vmspath($fname) if $^O eq 'VMS';
$dirs_to_unlink{$$} = []
unless exists $dirs_to_unlink{$$};
push (@{ $dirs_to_unlink{$$} }, $fname);
} else {
carp "Request to remove directory $fname could not be completed since it does not exist!\n" if $^W;
}
} else {
if (-f $fname) {
# file exists so store handle and name for later removal
$files_to_unlink{$$} = []
unless exists $files_to_unlink{$$};
push(@{ $files_to_unlink{$$} }, [$fh, $fname]);
} else {
carp "Request to remove file $fname could not be completed since it is not there!\n" if $^W;
}
}
}
}
# normalize argument keys to upper case and do consistent handling
# of leading template vs TEMPLATE
sub _parse_args {
my $leading_template = (scalar(@_) % 2 == 1 ? shift(@_) : '' );
my %args = @_;
%args = map { uc($_), $args{$_} } keys %args;
# template (store it in an array so that it will
# disappear from the arg list of tempfile)
my @template = (
exists $args{TEMPLATE} ? $args{TEMPLATE} :
$leading_template ? $leading_template : ()
);
delete $args{TEMPLATE};
return( \@template, \%args );
}
#pod =head1 OBJECT-ORIENTED INTERFACE
#pod
#pod This is the primary interface for interacting with
#pod C<File::Temp>. Using the OO interface a temporary file can be created
#pod when the object is constructed and the file can be removed when the
#pod object is no longer required.
#pod
#pod Note that there is no method to obtain the filehandle from the
#pod C<File::Temp> object. The object itself acts as a filehandle. The object
#pod isa C<IO::Handle> and isa C<IO::Seekable> so all those methods are
#pod available.
#pod
#pod Also, the object is configured such that it stringifies to the name of the
#pod temporary file and so can be compared to a filename directly. It numifies
#pod to the C<refaddr> the same as other handles and so can be compared to other
#pod handles with C<==>.
#pod
#pod $fh eq $filename # as a string
#pod $fh != \*STDOUT # as a number
#pod
#pod Available since 0.14.
#pod
#pod =over 4
#pod
#pod =item B<new>
#pod
#pod Create a temporary file object.
#pod
#pod my $tmp = File::Temp->new();
#pod
#pod by default the object is constructed as if C<tempfile>
#pod was called without options, but with the additional behaviour
#pod that the temporary file is removed by the object destructor
#pod if UNLINK is set to true (the default).
#pod
#pod Supported arguments are the same as for C<tempfile>: UNLINK
#pod (defaulting to true), DIR, EXLOCK and SUFFIX. Additionally, the filename
#pod template is specified using the TEMPLATE option. The OPEN option
#pod is not supported (the file is always opened).
#pod
#pod $tmp = File::Temp->new( TEMPLATE => 'tempXXXXX',
#pod DIR => 'mydir',
#pod SUFFIX => '.dat');
#pod
#pod Arguments are case insensitive.
#pod
#pod Can call croak() if an error occurs.
#pod
#pod Available since 0.14.
#pod
#pod TEMPLATE available since 0.23
#pod
#pod =cut
sub new {
my $proto = shift;
my $class = ref($proto) || $proto;
my ($maybe_template, $args) = _parse_args(@_);
# see if they are unlinking (defaulting to yes)
my $unlink = (exists $args->{UNLINK} ? $args->{UNLINK} : 1 );
delete $args->{UNLINK};
# Protect OPEN
delete $args->{OPEN};
# Open the file and retain file handle and file name
my ($fh, $path) = tempfile( @$maybe_template, %$args );
print "Tmp: $fh - $path\n" if $DEBUG;
# Store the filename in the scalar slot
${*$fh} = $path;
# Cache the filename by pid so that the destructor can decide whether to remove it
$FILES_CREATED_BY_OBJECT{$$}{$path} = 1;
# Store unlink information in hash slot (plus other constructor info)
%{*$fh} = %$args;
# create the object
bless $fh, $class;
# final method-based configuration
$fh->unlink_on_destroy( $unlink );
return $fh;
}
#pod =item B<newdir>
#pod
#pod Create a temporary directory using an object oriented interface.
#pod
#pod $dir = File::Temp->newdir();
#pod
#pod By default the directory is deleted when the object goes out of scope.
#pod
#pod Supports the same options as the C<tempdir> function. Note that directories
#pod created with this method default to CLEANUP => 1.
#pod
#pod $dir = File::Temp->newdir( $template, %options );
#pod
#pod A template may be specified either with a leading template or
#pod with a TEMPLATE argument.
#pod
#pod Available since 0.19.
#pod
#pod TEMPLATE available since 0.23.
#pod
#pod =cut
sub newdir {
my $self = shift;
my ($maybe_template, $args) = _parse_args(@_);
# handle CLEANUP without passing CLEANUP to tempdir
my $cleanup = (exists $args->{CLEANUP} ? $args->{CLEANUP} : 1 );
delete $args->{CLEANUP};
my $tempdir = tempdir( @$maybe_template, %$args);
# get a safe absolute path for cleanup, just like
# happens in _deferred_unlink
my $real_dir = Cwd::abs_path( $tempdir );
($real_dir) = $real_dir =~ /^(.*)$/;
return bless { DIRNAME => $tempdir,
REALNAME => $real_dir,
CLEANUP => $cleanup,
LAUNCHPID => $$,
}, "File::Temp::Dir";
}
#pod =item B<filename>
#pod
#pod Return the name of the temporary file associated with this object
#pod (if the object was created using the "new" constructor).
#pod
#pod $filename = $tmp->filename;
#pod
#pod This method is called automatically when the object is used as
#pod a string.
#pod
#pod Current API available since 0.14
#pod
#pod =cut
sub filename {
my $self = shift;
return ${*$self};
}
sub STRINGIFY {
my $self = shift;
return $self->filename;
}
# For reference, can't use '0+'=>\&Scalar::Util::refaddr directly because
# refaddr() demands one parameter only, whereas overload.pm calls with three
# even for unary operations like '0+'.
sub NUMIFY {
return refaddr($_[0]);
}
#pod =item B<dirname>
#pod
#pod Return the name of the temporary directory associated with this
#pod object (if the object was created using the "newdir" constructor).
#pod
#pod $dirname = $tmpdir->dirname;
#pod
#pod This method is called automatically when the object is used in string context.
#pod
#pod =item B<unlink_on_destroy>
#pod
#pod Control whether the file is unlinked when the object goes out of scope.
#pod The file is removed if this value is true and $KEEP_ALL is not.
#pod
#pod $fh->unlink_on_destroy( 1 );
#pod
#pod Default is for the file to be removed.
#pod
#pod Current API available since 0.15
#pod
#pod =cut
sub unlink_on_destroy {
my $self = shift;
if (@_) {
${*$self}{UNLINK} = shift;
}
return ${*$self}{UNLINK};
}
#pod =item B<DESTROY>
#pod
#pod When the object goes out of scope, the destructor is called. This
#pod destructor will attempt to unlink the file (using L<unlink1|"unlink1">)
#pod if the constructor was called with UNLINK set to 1 (the default state
#pod if UNLINK is not specified).
#pod
#pod No error is given if the unlink fails.
#pod
#pod If the object has been passed to a child process during a fork, the
#pod file will be deleted when the object goes out of scope in the parent.
#pod
#pod For a temporary directory object the directory will be removed unless
#pod the CLEANUP argument was used in the constructor (and set to false) or
#pod C<unlink_on_destroy> was modified after creation. Note that if a temp
#pod directory is your current directory, it cannot be removed - a warning
#pod will be given in this case. C<chdir()> out of the directory before
#pod letting the object go out of scope.
#pod
#pod If the global variable $KEEP_ALL is true, the file or directory
#pod will not be removed.
#pod
#pod =cut
sub DESTROY {
local($., $@, $!, $^E, $?);
my $self = shift;
# Make sure we always remove the file from the global hash
# on destruction. This prevents the hash from growing uncontrollably
# and post-destruction there is no reason to know about the file.
my $file = $self->filename;
my $was_created_by_proc;
if (exists $FILES_CREATED_BY_OBJECT{$$}{$file}) {
$was_created_by_proc = 1;
delete $FILES_CREATED_BY_OBJECT{$$}{$file};
}
if (${*$self}{UNLINK} && !$KEEP_ALL) {
print "# ---------> Unlinking $self\n" if $DEBUG;
# only delete if this process created it
return unless $was_created_by_proc;
# The unlink1 may fail if the file has been closed
# by the caller. This leaves us with the decision
# of whether to refuse to remove the file or simply
# do an unlink without test. Seems to be silly
# to do this when we are trying to be careful
# about security
_force_writable( $file ); # for windows
unlink1( $self, $file )
or unlink($file);
}
}
#pod =back
#pod
#pod =head1 FUNCTIONS
#pod
#pod This section describes the recommended interface for generating
#pod temporary files and directories.
#pod
#pod =over 4
#pod
#pod =item B<tempfile>
#pod
#pod This is the basic function to generate temporary files.
#pod The behaviour of the file can be changed using various options:
#pod
#pod $fh = tempfile();
#pod ($fh, $filename) = tempfile();
#pod
#pod Create a temporary file in the directory specified for temporary
#pod files, as specified by the tmpdir() function in L<File::Spec>.
#pod
#pod ($fh, $filename) = tempfile($template);
#pod
#pod Create a temporary file in the current directory using the supplied
#pod template. Trailing `X' characters are replaced with random letters to
#pod generate the filename. At least four `X' characters must be present
#pod at the end of the template.
#pod
#pod ($fh, $filename) = tempfile($template, SUFFIX => $suffix)
#pod
#pod Same as previously, except that a suffix is added to the template
#pod after the `X' translation. Useful for ensuring that a temporary
#pod filename has a particular extension when needed by other applications.
#pod But see the WARNING at the end.
#pod
#pod ($fh, $filename) = tempfile($template, DIR => $dir);
#pod
#pod Translates the template as before except that a directory name
#pod is specified.
#pod
#pod ($fh, $filename) = tempfile($template, TMPDIR => 1);
#pod
#pod Equivalent to specifying a DIR of "File::Spec->tmpdir", writing the file
#pod into the same temporary directory as would be used if no template was
#pod specified at all.
#pod
#pod ($fh, $filename) = tempfile($template, UNLINK => 1);
#pod
#pod Return the filename and filehandle as before except that the file is
#pod automatically removed when the program exits (dependent on
#pod $KEEP_ALL). Default is for the file to be removed if a file handle is
#pod requested and to be kept if the filename is requested. In a scalar
#pod context (where no filename is returned) the file is always deleted
#pod either (depending on the operating system) on exit or when it is
#pod closed (unless $KEEP_ALL is true when the temp file is created).
#pod
#pod Use the object-oriented interface if fine-grained control of when
#pod a file is removed is required.
#pod
#pod If the template is not specified, a template is always
#pod automatically generated. This temporary file is placed in tmpdir()
#pod (L<File::Spec>) unless a directory is specified explicitly with the
#pod DIR option.
#pod
#pod $fh = tempfile( DIR => $dir );
#pod
#pod If called in scalar context, only the filehandle is returned and the
#pod file will automatically be deleted when closed on operating systems
#pod that support this (see the description of tmpfile() elsewhere in this
#pod document). This is the preferred mode of operation, as if you only
#pod have a filehandle, you can never create a race condition by fumbling
#pod with the filename. On systems that can not unlink an open file or can
#pod not mark a file as temporary when it is opened (for example, Windows
#pod NT uses the C<O_TEMPORARY> flag) the file is marked for deletion when
#pod the program ends (equivalent to setting UNLINK to 1). The C<UNLINK>
#pod flag is ignored if present.
#pod
#pod (undef, $filename) = tempfile($template, OPEN => 0);
#pod
#pod This will return the filename based on the template but
#pod will not open this file. Cannot be used in conjunction with
#pod UNLINK set to true. Default is to always open the file
#pod to protect from possible race conditions. A warning is issued
#pod if warnings are turned on. Consider using the tmpnam()
#pod and mktemp() functions described elsewhere in this document
#pod if opening the file is not required.
#pod
#pod To open the temporary filehandle with O_EXLOCK (open with exclusive
#pod file lock) use C<< EXLOCK=>1 >>. This is supported only by some
#pod operating systems (most notably BSD derived systems). By default
#pod EXLOCK will be false. Former C<File::Temp> versions set EXLOCK to
#pod true, so to be sure to get an unlocked filehandle also with older
#pod versions, explicitly set C<< EXLOCK=>0 >>.
#pod
#pod ($fh, $filename) = tempfile($template, EXLOCK => 1);
#pod
#pod Options can be combined as required.
#pod
#pod Will croak() if there is an error.
#pod
#pod Available since 0.05.
#pod
#pod UNLINK flag available since 0.10.
#pod
#pod TMPDIR flag available since 0.19.
#pod
#pod EXLOCK flag available since 0.19.
#pod
#pod =cut
sub tempfile {
if ( @_ && $_[0] eq 'File::Temp' ) {
croak "'tempfile' can't be called as a method";
}
# Can not check for argument count since we can have any
# number of args
# Default options
my %options = (
"DIR" => undef, # Directory prefix
"SUFFIX" => '', # Template suffix
"UNLINK" => 0, # Do not unlink file on exit
"OPEN" => 1, # Open file
"TMPDIR" => 0, # Place tempfile in tempdir if template specified
"EXLOCK" => 0, # Open file with O_EXLOCK
);
# Check to see whether we have an odd or even number of arguments
my ($maybe_template, $args) = _parse_args(@_);
my $template = @$maybe_template ? $maybe_template->[0] : undef;
# Read the options and merge with defaults
%options = (%options, %$args);
# First decision is whether or not to open the file
if (! $options{"OPEN"}) {
warn "tempfile(): temporary filename requested but not opened.\nPossibly unsafe, consider using tempfile() with OPEN set to true\n"
if $^W;
}
if ($options{"DIR"} and $^O eq 'VMS') {
# on VMS turn []foo into [.foo] for concatenation
$options{"DIR"} = VMS::Filespec::vmspath($options{"DIR"});
}
# Construct the template
# Have a choice of trying to work around the mkstemp/mktemp/tmpnam etc
# functions or simply constructing a template and using _gettemp()
# explicitly. Go for the latter
# First generate a template if not defined and prefix the directory
# If no template must prefix the temp directory
if (defined $template) {
# End up with current directory if neither DIR not TMPDIR are set
if ($options{"DIR"}) {
$template = File::Spec->catfile($options{"DIR"}, $template);
} elsif ($options{TMPDIR}) {
$template = File::Spec->catfile(_wrap_file_spec_tmpdir(), $template );
}
} else {
if ($options{"DIR"}) {
$template = File::Spec->catfile($options{"DIR"}, TEMPXXX);
} else {
$template = File::Spec->catfile(_wrap_file_spec_tmpdir(), TEMPXXX);
}
}
# Now add a suffix
$template .= $options{"SUFFIX"};
# Determine whether we should tell _gettemp to unlink the file
# On unix this is irrelevant and can be worked out after the file is
# opened (simply by unlinking the open filehandle). On Windows or VMS
# we have to indicate temporary-ness when we open the file. In general
# we only want a true temporary file if we are returning just the
# filehandle - if the user wants the filename they probably do not
# want the file to disappear as soon as they close it (which may be
# important if they want a child process to use the file)
# For this reason, tie unlink_on_close to the return context regardless
# of OS.
my $unlink_on_close = ( wantarray ? 0 : 1);
# Create the file
my ($fh, $path, $errstr);
croak "Error in tempfile() using template $template: $errstr"
unless (($fh, $path) = _gettemp($template,
"open" => $options{'OPEN'},
"mkdir"=> 0 ,
"unlink_on_close" => $unlink_on_close,
"suffixlen" => length($options{'SUFFIX'}),
"ErrStr" => \$errstr,
"use_exlock" => $options{EXLOCK},
) );
# Set up an exit handler that can do whatever is right for the
# system. This removes files at exit when requested explicitly or when
# system is asked to unlink_on_close but is unable to do so because
# of OS limitations.
# The latter should be achieved by using a tied filehandle.
# Do not check return status since this is all done with END blocks.
_deferred_unlink($fh, $path, 0) if $options{"UNLINK"};
# Return
if (wantarray()) {
if ($options{'OPEN'}) {
return ($fh, $path);
} else {
return (undef, $path);
}
} else {
# Unlink the file. It is up to unlink0 to decide what to do with
# this (whether to unlink now or to defer until later)
unlink0($fh, $path) or croak "Error unlinking file $path using unlink0";
# Return just the filehandle.
return $fh;
}
}
# On Windows under taint mode, File::Spec could suggest "C:\" as a tempdir
# which might not be writable. If that is the case, we fallback to a
# user directory. See https://rt.cpan.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=60340
{
my ($alt_tmpdir, $checked);
sub _wrap_file_spec_tmpdir {
return File::Spec->tmpdir unless $^O eq "MSWin32" && ${^TAINT};
if ( $checked ) {
return $alt_tmpdir ? $alt_tmpdir : File::Spec->tmpdir;
}
# probe what File::Spec gives and find a fallback
my $xxpath = _replace_XX( "X" x 10, 0 );
# First, see if File::Spec->tmpdir is writable
my $tmpdir = File::Spec->tmpdir;
my $testpath = File::Spec->catdir( $tmpdir, $xxpath );
if (mkdir( $testpath, 0700) ) {
$checked = 1;
rmdir $testpath;
return $tmpdir;
}
# Next, see if CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA is writable
require Win32;
my $local_app = File::Spec->catdir(
Win32::GetFolderPath( Win32::CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA() ), 'Temp'
);
$testpath = File::Spec->catdir( $local_app, $xxpath );
if ( -e $local_app or mkdir( $local_app, 0700 ) ) {
if (mkdir( $testpath, 0700) ) {
$checked = 1;
rmdir $testpath;
return $alt_tmpdir = $local_app;
}
}
# Can't find something writable
croak << "HERE";
Couldn't find a writable temp directory in taint mode. Tried:
$tmpdir
$local_app
Try setting and untainting the TMPDIR environment variable.
HERE
}
}
#pod =item B<tempdir>
#pod
#pod This is the recommended interface for creation of temporary
#pod directories. By default the directory will not be removed on exit
#pod (that is, it won't be temporary; this behaviour can not be changed
#pod because of issues with backwards compatibility). To enable removal
#pod either use the CLEANUP option which will trigger removal on program
#pod exit, or consider using the "newdir" method in the object interface which
#pod will allow the directory to be cleaned up when the object goes out of
#pod scope.
#pod
#pod The behaviour of the function depends on the arguments:
#pod
#pod $tempdir = tempdir();
#pod
#pod Create a directory in tmpdir() (see L<File::Spec|File::Spec>).
#pod
#pod $tempdir = tempdir( $template );
#pod
#pod Create a directory from the supplied template. This template is
#pod similar to that described for tempfile(). `X' characters at the end
#pod of the template are replaced with random letters to construct the
#pod directory name. At least four `X' characters must be in the template.
#pod
#pod $tempdir = tempdir ( DIR => $dir );
#pod
#pod Specifies the directory to use for the temporary directory.
#pod The temporary directory name is derived from an internal template.
#pod
#pod $tempdir = tempdir ( $template, DIR => $dir );
#pod
#pod Prepend the supplied directory name to the template. The template
#pod should not include parent directory specifications itself. Any parent
#pod directory specifications are removed from the template before
#pod prepending the supplied directory.
#pod
#pod $tempdir = tempdir ( $template, TMPDIR => 1 );
#pod
#pod Using the supplied template, create the temporary directory in
#pod a standard location for temporary files. Equivalent to doing
#pod
#pod $tempdir = tempdir ( $template, DIR => File::Spec->tmpdir);
#pod
#pod but shorter. Parent directory specifications are stripped from the
#pod template itself. The C<TMPDIR> option is ignored if C<DIR> is set
#pod explicitly. Additionally, C<TMPDIR> is implied if neither a template
#pod nor a directory are supplied.
#pod
#pod $tempdir = tempdir( $template, CLEANUP => 1);
#pod
#pod Create a temporary directory using the supplied template, but
#pod attempt to remove it (and all files inside it) when the program
#pod exits. Note that an attempt will be made to remove all files from
#pod the directory even if they were not created by this module (otherwise
#pod why ask to clean it up?). The directory removal is made with
#pod the rmtree() function from the L<File::Path|File::Path> module.
#pod Of course, if the template is not specified, the temporary directory
#pod will be created in tmpdir() and will also be removed at program exit.
#pod
#pod Will croak() if there is an error.
#pod
#pod Current API available since 0.05.
#pod
#pod =cut
# '
sub tempdir {
if ( @_ && $_[0] eq 'File::Temp' ) {
croak "'tempdir' can't be called as a method";
}
# Can not check for argument count since we can have any
# number of args
# Default options
my %options = (
"CLEANUP" => 0, # Remove directory on exit
"DIR" => '', # Root directory
"TMPDIR" => 0, # Use tempdir with template
);
# Check to see whether we have an odd or even number of arguments
my ($maybe_template, $args) = _parse_args(@_);
my $template = @$maybe_template ? $maybe_template->[0] : undef;
# Read the options and merge with defaults
%options = (%options, %$args);
# Modify or generate the template
# Deal with the DIR and TMPDIR options
if (defined $template) {
# Need to strip directory path if using DIR or TMPDIR
if ($options{'TMPDIR'} || $options{'DIR'}) {
# Strip parent directory from the filename
#
# There is no filename at the end
$template = VMS::Filespec::vmspath($template) if $^O eq 'VMS';
my ($volume, $directories, undef) = File::Spec->splitpath( $template, 1);
# Last directory is then our template
$template = (File::Spec->splitdir($directories))[-1];
# Prepend the supplied directory or temp dir
if ($options{"DIR"}) {
$template = File::Spec->catdir($options{"DIR"}, $template);
} elsif ($options{TMPDIR}) {
# Prepend tmpdir
$template = File::Spec->catdir(_wrap_file_spec_tmpdir(), $template);
}
}
} else {
if ($options{"DIR"}) {
$template = File::Spec->catdir($options{"DIR"}, TEMPXXX);
} else {
$template = File::Spec->catdir(_wrap_file_spec_tmpdir(), TEMPXXX);
}
}
# Create the directory
my $tempdir;
my $suffixlen = 0;
if ($^O eq 'VMS') { # dir names can end in delimiters
$template =~ m/([\.\]:>]+)$/;
$suffixlen = length($1);
}
if ( ($^O eq 'MacOS') && (substr($template, -1) eq ':') ) {
# dir name has a trailing ':'
++$suffixlen;
}
my $errstr;
croak "Error in tempdir() using $template: $errstr"
unless ((undef, $tempdir) = _gettemp($template,
"open" => 0,
"mkdir"=> 1 ,
"suffixlen" => $suffixlen,
"ErrStr" => \$errstr,
) );
# Install exit handler; must be dynamic to get lexical
if ( $options{'CLEANUP'} && -d $tempdir) {
_deferred_unlink(undef, $tempdir, 1);
}
# Return the dir name
return $tempdir;
}
#pod =back
#pod
#pod =head1 MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
#pod
#pod The following functions are Perl implementations of the
#pod mktemp() family of temp file generation system calls.
#pod
#pod =over 4
#pod
#pod =item B<mkstemp>
#pod
#pod Given a template, returns a filehandle to the temporary file and the name
#pod of the file.
#pod
#pod ($fh, $name) = mkstemp( $template );
#pod
#pod In scalar context, just the filehandle is returned.
#pod
#pod The template may be any filename with some number of X's appended
#pod to it, for example F</tmp/temp.XXXX>. The trailing X's are replaced
#pod with unique alphanumeric combinations.
#pod
#pod Will croak() if there is an error.
#pod
#pod Current API available since 0.05.
#pod
#pod =cut
sub mkstemp {
croak "Usage: mkstemp(template)"
if scalar(@_) != 1;
my $template = shift;
my ($fh, $path, $errstr);
croak "Error in mkstemp using $template: $errstr"
unless (($fh, $path) = _gettemp($template,
"open" => 1,
"mkdir"=> 0 ,
"suffixlen" => 0,
"ErrStr" => \$errstr,
) );
if (wantarray()) {
return ($fh, $path);
} else {
return $fh;
}
}
#pod =item B<mkstemps>
#pod
#pod Similar to mkstemp(), except that an extra argument can be supplied
#pod with a suffix to be appended to the template.
#pod
#pod ($fh, $name) = mkstemps( $template, $suffix );
#pod
#pod For example a template of C<testXXXXXX> and suffix of C<.dat>
#pod would generate a file similar to F<testhGji_w.dat>.
#pod
#pod Returns just the filehandle alone when called in scalar context.
#pod
#pod Will croak() if there is an error.
#pod
#pod Current API available since 0.05.
#pod
#pod =cut
sub mkstemps {
croak "Usage: mkstemps(template, suffix)"
if scalar(@_) != 2;
my $template = shift;
my $suffix = shift;
$template .= $suffix;
my ($fh, $path, $errstr);
croak "Error in mkstemps using $template: $errstr"
unless (($fh, $path) = _gettemp($template,
"open" => 1,
"mkdir"=> 0 ,
"suffixlen" => length($suffix),
"ErrStr" => \$errstr,
) );
if (wantarray()) {
return ($fh, $path);
} else {
return $fh;
}
}
#pod =item B<mkdtemp>
#pod
#pod Create a directory from a template. The template must end in
#pod X's that are replaced by the routine.
#pod
#pod $tmpdir_name = mkdtemp($template);
#pod
#pod Returns the name of the temporary directory created.
#pod
#pod Directory must be removed by the caller.
#pod
#pod Will croak() if there is an error.
#pod
#pod Current API available since 0.05.
#pod
#pod =cut
#' # for emacs
sub mkdtemp {
croak "Usage: mkdtemp(template)"
if scalar(@_) != 1;
my $template = shift;
my $suffixlen = 0;
if ($^O eq 'VMS') { # dir names can end in delimiters
$template =~ m/([\.\]:>]+)$/;
$suffixlen = length($1);
}
if ( ($^O eq 'MacOS') && (substr($template, -1) eq ':') ) {
# dir name has a trailing ':'
++$suffixlen;
}
my ($junk, $tmpdir, $errstr);
croak "Error creating temp directory from template $template\: $errstr"
unless (($junk, $tmpdir) = _gettemp($template,
"open" => 0,
"mkdir"=> 1 ,
"suffixlen" => $suffixlen,
"ErrStr" => \$errstr,
) );
return $tmpdir;
}
#pod =item B<mktemp>
#pod
#pod Returns a valid temporary filename but does not guarantee
#pod that the file will not be opened by someone else.
#pod
#pod $unopened_file = mktemp($template);
#pod
#pod Template is the same as that required by mkstemp().
#pod
#pod Will croak() if there is an error.
#pod
#pod Current API available since 0.05.
#pod
#pod =cut
sub mktemp {
croak "Usage: mktemp(template)"
if scalar(@_) != 1;
my $template = shift;
my ($tmpname, $junk, $errstr);
croak "Error getting name to temp file from template $template: $errstr"
unless (($junk, $tmpname) = _gettemp($template,
"open" => 0,
"mkdir"=> 0 ,
"suffixlen" => 0,
"ErrStr" => \$errstr,
) );
return $tmpname;
}
#pod =back
#pod
#pod =head1 POSIX FUNCTIONS
#pod
#pod This section describes the re-implementation of the tmpnam()
#pod and tmpfile() functions described in L<POSIX>
#pod using the mkstemp() from this module.
#pod
#pod Unlike the L<POSIX|POSIX> implementations, the directory used
#pod for the temporary file is not specified in a system include
#pod file (C<P_tmpdir>) but simply depends on the choice of tmpdir()
#pod returned by L<File::Spec|File::Spec>. On some implementations this
#pod location can be set using the C<TMPDIR> environment variable, which
#pod may not be secure.
#pod If this is a problem, simply use mkstemp() and specify a template.
#pod
#pod =over 4
#pod
#pod =item B<tmpnam>
#pod
#pod When called in scalar context, returns the full name (including path)
#pod of a temporary file (uses mktemp()). The only check is that the file does
#pod not already exist, but there is no guarantee that that condition will
#pod continue to apply.
#pod
#pod $file = tmpnam();
#pod
#pod When called in list context, a filehandle to the open file and
#pod a filename are returned. This is achieved by calling mkstemp()
#pod after constructing a suitable template.
#pod
#pod ($fh, $file) = tmpnam();
#pod
#pod If possible, this form should be used to prevent possible
#pod race conditions.
#pod
#pod See L<File::Spec/tmpdir> for information on the choice of temporary
#pod directory for a particular operating system.
#pod
#pod Will croak() if there is an error.
#pod
#pod Current API available since 0.05.
#pod
#pod =cut
sub tmpnam {
# Retrieve the temporary directory name
my $tmpdir = _wrap_file_spec_tmpdir();
# XXX I don't know under what circumstances this occurs, -- xdg 2016-04-02
croak "Error temporary directory is not writable"
if $tmpdir eq '';
# Use a ten character template and append to tmpdir
my $template = File::Spec->catfile($tmpdir, TEMPXXX);
if (wantarray() ) {
return mkstemp($template);
} else {
return mktemp($template);
}
}
#pod =item B<tmpfile>
#pod
#pod Returns the filehandle of a temporary file.
#pod
#pod $fh = tmpfile();
#pod
#pod The file is removed when the filehandle is closed or when the program
#pod exits. No access to the filename is provided.
#pod
#pod If the temporary file can not be created undef is returned.
#pod Currently this command will probably not work when the temporary
#pod directory is on an NFS file system.
#pod
#pod Will croak() if there is an error.
#pod
#pod Available since 0.05.
#pod
#pod Returning undef if unable to create file added in 0.12.
#pod
#pod =cut
sub tmpfile {
# Simply call tmpnam() in a list context
my ($fh, $file) = tmpnam();
# Make sure file is removed when filehandle is closed
# This will fail on NFS
unlink0($fh, $file)
or return undef;
return $fh;
}
#pod =back
#pod
#pod =head1 ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
#pod
#pod These functions are provided for backwards compatibility
#pod with common tempfile generation C library functions.
#pod
#pod They are not exported and must be addressed using the full package
#pod name.
#pod
#pod =over 4
#pod
#pod =item B<tempnam>
#pod
#pod Return the name of a temporary file in the specified directory
#pod using a prefix. The file is guaranteed not to exist at the time
#pod the function was called, but such guarantees are good for one
#pod clock tick only. Always use the proper form of C<sysopen>
#pod with C<O_CREAT | O_EXCL> if you must open such a filename.
#pod
#pod $filename = File::Temp::tempnam( $dir, $prefix );
#pod
#pod Equivalent to running mktemp() with $dir/$prefixXXXXXXXX
#pod (using unix file convention as an example)
#pod
#pod Because this function uses mktemp(), it can suffer from race conditions.
#pod
#pod Will croak() if there is an error.
#pod
#pod Current API available since 0.05.
#pod
#pod =cut
sub tempnam {
croak 'Usage tempnam($dir, $prefix)' unless scalar(@_) == 2;
my ($dir, $prefix) = @_;
# Add a string to the prefix
$prefix .= 'XXXXXXXX';
# Concatenate the directory to the file
my $template = File::Spec->catfile($dir, $prefix);
return mktemp($template);
}
#pod =back
#pod
#pod =head1 UTILITY FUNCTIONS
#pod
#pod Useful functions for dealing with the filehandle and filename.
#pod
#pod =over 4
#pod
#pod =item B<unlink0>
#pod
#pod Given an open filehandle and the associated filename, make a safe
#pod unlink. This is achieved by first checking that the filename and
#pod filehandle initially point to the same file and that the number of
#pod links to the file is 1 (all fields returned by stat() are compared).
#pod Then the filename is unlinked and the filehandle checked once again to
#pod verify that the number of links on that file is now 0. This is the
#pod closest you can come to making sure that the filename unlinked was the
#pod same as the file whose descriptor you hold.
#pod
#pod unlink0($fh, $path)
#pod or die "Error unlinking file $path safely";
#pod
#pod Returns false on error but croaks() if there is a security
#pod anomaly. The filehandle is not closed since on some occasions this is
#pod not required.
#pod
#pod On some platforms, for example Windows NT, it is not possible to
#pod unlink an open file (the file must be closed first). On those
#pod platforms, the actual unlinking is deferred until the program ends and
#pod good status is returned. A check is still performed to make sure that
#pod the filehandle and filename are pointing to the same thing (but not at
#pod the time the end block is executed since the deferred removal may not
#pod have access to the filehandle).
#pod
#pod Additionally, on Windows NT not all the fields returned by stat() can
#pod be compared. For example, the C<dev> and C<rdev> fields seem to be
#pod different. Also, it seems that the size of the file returned by stat()
#pod does not always agree, with C<stat(FH)> being more accurate than
#pod C<stat(filename)>, presumably because of caching issues even when
#pod using autoflush (this is usually overcome by waiting a while after
#pod writing to the tempfile before attempting to C<unlink0> it).
#pod
#pod Finally, on NFS file systems the link count of the file handle does
#pod not always go to zero immediately after unlinking. Currently, this
#pod command is expected to fail on NFS disks.
#pod
#pod This function is disabled if the global variable $KEEP_ALL is true
#pod and an unlink on open file is supported. If the unlink is to be deferred
#pod to the END block, the file is still registered for removal.
#pod
#pod This function should not be called if you are using the object oriented
#pod interface since the it will interfere with the object destructor deleting
#pod the file.
#pod
#pod Available Since 0.05.
#pod
#pod If can not unlink open file, defer removal until later available since 0.06.
#pod
#pod =cut
sub unlink0 {
croak 'Usage: unlink0(filehandle, filename)'
unless scalar(@_) == 2;
# Read args
my ($fh, $path) = @_;
cmpstat($fh, $path) or return 0;
# attempt remove the file (does not work on some platforms)
if (_can_unlink_opened_file()) {
# return early (Without unlink) if we have been instructed to retain files.
return 1 if $KEEP_ALL;
# XXX: do *not* call this on a directory; possible race
# resulting in recursive removal
croak "unlink0: $path has become a directory!" if -d $path;
unlink($path) or return 0;
# Stat the filehandle
my @fh = stat $fh;
print "Link count = $fh[3] \n" if $DEBUG;
# Make sure that the link count is zero
# - Cygwin provides deferred unlinking, however,
# on Win9x the link count remains 1
# On NFS the link count may still be 1 but we can't know that
# we are on NFS. Since we can't be sure, we'll defer it
return 1 if $fh[3] == 0 || $^O eq 'cygwin';
}
# fall-through if we can't unlink now
_deferred_unlink($fh, $path, 0);
return 1;
}
#pod =item B<cmpstat>
#pod
#pod Compare C<stat> of filehandle with C<stat> of provided filename. This
#pod can be used to check that the filename and filehandle initially point
#pod to the same file and that the number of links to the file is 1 (all
#pod fields returned by stat() are compared).
#pod
#pod cmpstat($fh, $path)
#pod or die "Error comparing handle with file";
#pod
#pod Returns false if the stat information differs or if the link count is
#pod greater than 1. Calls croak if there is a security anomaly.
#pod
#pod On certain platforms, for example Windows, not all the fields returned by stat()
#pod can be compared. For example, the C<dev> and C<rdev> fields seem to be
#pod different in Windows. Also, it seems that the size of the file
#pod returned by stat() does not always agree, with C<stat(FH)> being more
#pod accurate than C<stat(filename)>, presumably because of caching issues
#pod even when using autoflush (this is usually overcome by waiting a while
#pod after writing to the tempfile before attempting to C<unlink0> it).
#pod
#pod Not exported by default.
#pod
#pod Current API available since 0.14.
#pod
#pod =cut
sub cmpstat {
croak 'Usage: cmpstat(filehandle, filename)'
unless scalar(@_) == 2;
# Read args
my ($fh, $path) = @_;
warn "Comparing stat\n"
if $DEBUG;
# Stat the filehandle - which may be closed if someone has manually
# closed the file. Can not turn off warnings without using $^W
# unless we upgrade to 5.006 minimum requirement
my @fh;
{
local ($^W) = 0;
@fh = stat $fh;
}
return unless @fh;
if ($fh[3] > 1 && $^W) {
carp "unlink0: fstat found too many links; SB=@fh" if $^W;
}
# Stat the path
my @path = stat $path;
unless (@path) {
carp "unlink0: $path is gone already" if $^W;
return;
}
# this is no longer a file, but may be a directory, or worse
unless (-f $path) {
confess "panic: $path is no longer a file: SB=@fh";
}
# Do comparison of each member of the array
# On WinNT dev and rdev seem to be different
# depending on whether it is a file or a handle.
# Cannot simply compare all members of the stat return
# Select the ones we can use
my @okstat = (0..$#fh); # Use all by default
if ($^O eq 'MSWin32') {
@okstat = (1,2,3,4,5,7,8,9,10);
} elsif ($^O eq 'os2') {
@okstat = (0, 2..$#fh);
} elsif ($^O eq 'VMS') { # device and file ID are sufficient
@okstat = (0, 1);
} elsif ($^O eq 'dos') {
@okstat = (0,2..7,11..$#fh);
} elsif ($^O eq 'mpeix') {
@okstat = (0..4,8..10);
}
# Now compare each entry explicitly by number
for (@okstat) {
print "Comparing: $_ : $fh[$_] and $path[$_]\n" if $DEBUG;
# Use eq rather than == since rdev, blksize, and blocks (6, 11,
# and 12) will be '' on platforms that do not support them. This
# is fine since we are only comparing integers.
unless ($fh[$_] eq $path[$_]) {
warn "Did not match $_ element of stat\n" if $DEBUG;
return 0;
}
}
return 1;
}
#pod =item B<unlink1>
#pod
#pod Similar to C<unlink0> except after file comparison using cmpstat, the
#pod filehandle is closed prior to attempting to unlink the file. This
#pod allows the file to be removed without using an END block, but does
#pod mean that the post-unlink comparison of the filehandle state provided
#pod by C<unlink0> is not available.
#pod
#pod unlink1($fh, $path)
#pod or die "Error closing and unlinking file";
#pod
#pod Usually called from the object destructor when using the OO interface.
#pod
#pod Not exported by default.
#pod
#pod This function is disabled if the global variable $KEEP_ALL is true.
#pod
#pod Can call croak() if there is a security anomaly during the stat()
#pod comparison.
#pod
#pod Current API available since 0.14.
#pod
#pod =cut
sub unlink1 {
croak 'Usage: unlink1(filehandle, filename)'
unless scalar(@_) == 2;
# Read args
my ($fh, $path) = @_;
cmpstat($fh, $path) or return 0;
# Close the file
close( $fh ) or return 0;
# Make sure the file is writable (for windows)
_force_writable( $path );
# return early (without unlink) if we have been instructed to retain files.
return 1 if $KEEP_ALL;
# remove the file
return unlink($path);
}
#pod =item B<cleanup>
#pod
#pod Calling this function will cause any temp files or temp directories
#pod that are registered for removal to be removed. This happens automatically
#pod when the process exits but can be triggered manually if the caller is sure
#pod that none of the temp files are required. This method can be registered as
#pod an Apache callback.
#pod
#pod Note that if a temp directory is your current directory, it cannot be
#pod removed. C<chdir()> out of the directory first before calling
#pod C<cleanup()>. (For the cleanup at program exit when the CLEANUP flag
#pod is set, this happens automatically.)
#pod
#pod On OSes where temp files are automatically removed when the temp file
#pod is closed, calling this function will have no effect other than to remove
#pod temporary directories (which may include temporary files).
#pod
#pod File::Temp::cleanup();
#pod
#pod Not exported by default.
#pod
#pod Current API available since 0.15.
#pod
#pod =back
#pod
#pod =head1 PACKAGE VARIABLES
#pod
#pod These functions control the global state of the package.
#pod
#pod =over 4
#pod
#pod =item B<safe_level>
#pod
#pod Controls the lengths to which the module will go to check the safety of the
#pod temporary file or directory before proceeding.
#pod Options are:
#pod
#pod =over 8
#pod
#pod =item STANDARD
#pod
#pod Do the basic security measures to ensure the directory exists and is
#pod writable, that temporary files are opened only if they do not already
#pod exist, and that possible race conditions are avoided. Finally the
#pod L<unlink0|"unlink0"> function is used to remove files safely.
#pod
#pod =item MEDIUM
#pod
#pod In addition to the STANDARD security, the output directory is checked
#pod to make sure that it is owned either by root or the user running the
#pod program. If the directory is writable by group or by other, it is then
#pod checked to make sure that the sticky bit is set.
#pod
#pod Will not work on platforms that do not support the C<-k> test
#pod for sticky bit.
#pod
#pod =item HIGH
#pod
#pod In addition to the MEDIUM security checks, also check for the
#pod possibility of ``chown() giveaway'' using the L<POSIX|POSIX>
#pod sysconf() function. If this is a possibility, each directory in the
#pod path is checked in turn for safeness, recursively walking back to the
#pod root directory.
#pod
#pod For platforms that do not support the L<POSIX|POSIX>
#pod C<_PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED> symbol (for example, Windows NT) it is
#pod assumed that ``chown() giveaway'' is possible and the recursive test
#pod is performed.
#pod
#pod =back
#pod
#pod The level can be changed as follows:
#pod
#pod File::Temp->safe_level( File::Temp::HIGH );
#pod
#pod The level constants are not exported by the module.
#pod
#pod Currently, you must be running at least perl v5.6.0 in order to
#pod run with MEDIUM or HIGH security. This is simply because the
#pod safety tests use functions from L<Fcntl|Fcntl> that are not
#pod available in older versions of perl. The problem is that the version
#pod number for Fcntl is the same in perl 5.6.0 and in 5.005_03 even though
#pod they are different versions.
#pod
#pod On systems that do not support the HIGH or MEDIUM safety levels
#pod (for example Win NT or OS/2) any attempt to change the level will
#pod be ignored. The decision to ignore rather than raise an exception
#pod allows portable programs to be written with high security in mind
#pod for the systems that can support this without those programs failing
#pod on systems where the extra tests are irrelevant.
#pod
#pod If you really need to see whether the change has been accepted
#pod simply examine the return value of C<safe_level>.
#pod
#pod $newlevel = File::Temp->safe_level( File::Temp::HIGH );
#pod die "Could not change to high security"
#pod if $newlevel != File::Temp::HIGH;
#pod
#pod Available since 0.05.
#pod
#pod =cut
{
# protect from using the variable itself
my $LEVEL = STANDARD;
sub safe_level {
my $self = shift;
if (@_) {
my $level = shift;
if (($level != STANDARD) && ($level != MEDIUM) && ($level != HIGH)) {
carp "safe_level: Specified level ($level) not STANDARD, MEDIUM or HIGH - ignoring\n" if $^W;
} else {
# Don't allow this on perl 5.005 or earlier
if ($] < 5.006 && $level != STANDARD) {
# Cant do MEDIUM or HIGH checks
croak "Currently requires perl 5.006 or newer to do the safe checks";
}
# Check that we are allowed to change level
# Silently ignore if we can not.
$LEVEL = $level if _can_do_level($level);
}
}
return $LEVEL;
}
}
#pod =item TopSystemUID
#pod
#pod This is the highest UID on the current system that refers to a root
#pod UID. This is used to make sure that the temporary directory is
#pod owned by a system UID (C<root>, C<bin>, C<sys> etc) rather than
#pod simply by root.
#pod
#pod This is required since on many unix systems C</tmp> is not owned
#pod by root.
#pod
#pod Default is to assume that any UID less than or equal to 10 is a root
#pod UID.
#pod
#pod File::Temp->top_system_uid(10);
#pod my $topid = File::Temp->top_system_uid;
#pod
#pod This value can be adjusted to reduce security checking if required.
#pod The value is only relevant when C<safe_level> is set to MEDIUM or higher.
#pod
#pod Available since 0.05.
#pod
#pod =cut
{
my $TopSystemUID = 10;
$TopSystemUID = 197108 if $^O eq 'interix'; # "Administrator"
sub top_system_uid {
my $self = shift;
if (@_) {
my $newuid = shift;
croak "top_system_uid: UIDs should be numeric"
unless $newuid =~ /^\d+$/s;
$TopSystemUID = $newuid;
}
return $TopSystemUID;
}
}
#pod =item B<$KEEP_ALL>
#pod
#pod Controls whether temporary files and directories should be retained
#pod regardless of any instructions in the program to remove them
#pod automatically. This is useful for debugging but should not be used in
#pod production code.
#pod
#pod $File::Temp::KEEP_ALL = 1;
#pod
#pod Default is for files to be removed as requested by the caller.
#pod
#pod In some cases, files will only be retained if this variable is true
#pod when the file is created. This means that you can not create a temporary
#pod file, set this variable and expect the temp file to still be around
#pod when the program exits.
#pod
#pod =item B<$DEBUG>
#pod
#pod Controls whether debugging messages should be enabled.
#pod
#pod $File::Temp::DEBUG = 1;
#pod
#pod Default is for debugging mode to be disabled.
#pod
#pod Available since 0.15.
#pod
#pod =back
#pod
#pod =head1 WARNING
#pod
#pod For maximum security, endeavour always to avoid ever looking at,
#pod touching, or even imputing the existence of the filename. You do not
#pod know that that filename is connected to the same file as the handle
#pod you have, and attempts to check this can only trigger more race
#pod conditions. It's far more secure to use the filehandle alone and
#pod dispense with the filename altogether.
#pod
#pod If you need to pass the handle to something that expects a filename
#pod then on a unix system you can use C<"/dev/fd/" . fileno($fh)> for
#pod arbitrary programs. Perl code that uses the 2-argument version of
#pod C<< open >> can be passed C<< "+<=&" . fileno($fh) >>. Otherwise you
#pod will need to pass the filename. You will have to clear the
#pod close-on-exec bit on that file descriptor before passing it to another
#pod process.
#pod
#pod use Fcntl qw/F_SETFD F_GETFD/;
#pod fcntl($tmpfh, F_SETFD, 0)
#pod or die "Can't clear close-on-exec flag on temp fh: $!\n";
#pod
#pod =head2 Temporary files and NFS
#pod
#pod Some problems are associated with using temporary files that reside
#pod on NFS file systems and it is recommended that a local filesystem
#pod is used whenever possible. Some of the security tests will most probably
#pod fail when the temp file is not local. Additionally, be aware that
#pod the performance of I/O operations over NFS will not be as good as for
#pod a local disk.
#pod
#pod =head2 Forking
#pod
#pod In some cases files created by File::Temp are removed from within an
#pod END block. Since END blocks are triggered when a child process exits
#pod (unless C<POSIX::_exit()> is used by the child) File::Temp takes care
#pod to only remove those temp files created by a particular process ID. This
#pod means that a child will not attempt to remove temp files created by the
#pod parent process.
#pod
#pod If you are forking many processes in parallel that are all creating
#pod temporary files, you may need to reset the random number seed using
#pod srand(EXPR) in each child else all the children will attempt to walk
#pod through the same set of random file names and may well cause
#pod themselves to give up if they exceed the number of retry attempts.
#pod
#pod =head2 Directory removal
#pod
#pod Note that if you have chdir'ed into the temporary directory and it is
#pod subsequently cleaned up (either in the END block or as part of object
#pod destruction), then you will get a warning from File::Path::rmtree().
#pod
#pod =head2 Taint mode
#pod
#pod If you need to run code under taint mode, updating to the latest
#pod L<File::Spec> is highly recommended. On Windows, if the directory
#pod given by L<File::Spec::tmpdir> isn't writable, File::Temp will attempt
#pod to fallback to the user's local application data directory or croak
#pod with an error.
#pod
#pod =head2 BINMODE
#pod
#pod The file returned by File::Temp will have been opened in binary mode
#pod if such a mode is available. If that is not correct, use the C<binmode()>
#pod function to change the mode of the filehandle.
#pod
#pod Note that you can modify the encoding of a file opened by File::Temp
#pod also by using C<binmode()>.
#pod
#pod =head1 HISTORY
#pod
#pod Originally began life in May 1999 as an XS interface to the system
#pod mkstemp() function. In March 2000, the OpenBSD mkstemp() code was
#pod translated to Perl for total control of the code's
#pod security checking, to ensure the presence of the function regardless of
#pod operating system and to help with portability. The module was shipped
#pod as a standard part of perl from v5.6.1.
#pod
#pod Thanks to Tom Christiansen for suggesting that this module
#pod should be written and providing ideas for code improvements and
#pod security enhancements.
#pod
#pod =head1 SEE ALSO
#pod
#pod L<POSIX/tmpnam>, L<POSIX/tmpfile>, L<File::Spec>, L<File::Path>
#pod
#pod See L<IO::File> and L<File::MkTemp>, L<Apache::TempFile> for
#pod different implementations of temporary file handling.
#pod
#pod See L<File::Tempdir> for an alternative object-oriented wrapper for
#pod the C<tempdir> function.
#pod
#pod =cut
package ## hide from PAUSE
File::Temp::Dir;
our $VERSION = '0.2309';
use File::Path qw/ rmtree /;
use strict;
use overload '""' => "STRINGIFY",
'0+' => \&File::Temp::NUMIFY,
fallback => 1;
# private class specifically to support tempdir objects
# created by File::Temp->newdir
# ostensibly the same method interface as File::Temp but without
# inheriting all the IO::Seekable methods and other cruft
# Read-only - returns the name of the temp directory
sub dirname {
my $self = shift;
return $self->{DIRNAME};
}
sub STRINGIFY {
my $self = shift;
return $self->dirname;
}
sub unlink_on_destroy {
my $self = shift;
if (@_) {
$self->{CLEANUP} = shift;
}
return $self->{CLEANUP};
}
sub DESTROY {
my $self = shift;
local($., $@, $!, $^E, $?);
if ($self->unlink_on_destroy &&
$$ == $self->{LAUNCHPID} && !$File::Temp::KEEP_ALL) {
if (-d $self->{REALNAME}) {
# Some versions of rmtree will abort if you attempt to remove
# the directory you are sitting in. We protect that and turn it
# into a warning. We do this because this occurs during object
# destruction and so can not be caught by the user.
eval { rmtree($self->{REALNAME}, $File::Temp::DEBUG, 0); };
warn $@ if ($@ && $^W);
}
}
}
1;
# vim: ts=2 sts=2 sw=2 et:
__END__
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